Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects one third of the world's population, and tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most common infectious diseases of humans. Each year, more than 8 million new cases and 3 million deaths are reported worldwide, 90% of them in the developing world.<sup>8 Bloom B.R., Murray C.J.L. Tuberculosis: Commentary on a reemergent killer Science 1992 ;  257 : 1055

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 76 Raviglione M.C., Narain J.P., Kochi A. HIV-associated tuberculosis in developing countries: Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment WHO Bull OMS 1992 ;  70 : 515

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références</sup> From a global perspective, TB may be one of the most common human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–related opportunistic infections. In the United States, for decades, there had been a steady decline in the number of cases of TB until 1985, when the number leveled off. By the late 1980s, incident TB cases began to increase steadily. Although there was an almost 15% decline in cases reported annually during 1995 compared with 1992, the number of reported cases in 1995 still exceeded that reported in 1985 (Fig. 1).<sup>15 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention A strategic plan for the elimination of tuberculosis in the United States MMWR 1989 ;  38 : 1

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 23 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Tuberculosis morbidity—United States, 1995 MMWR 1996 ;  45 : 365

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références</sup> Factors that contributed to the resurgence of TB in the United States included homelessness, increased immigration from TB-endemic areas outside of the United States, and inadequate support of both the public health infrastructure and TB control programs.<sup>11 Brudney K., Dobkin J. Resurgent tuberculosis in New York City: Human immunodeficiency virus, homelessness, and the decline of tuberculosis control programs Am Rev Respir Dis 1991 ;  144 : 745  [cross-ref]

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 23 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Tuberculosis morbidity—United States, 1995 MMWR 1996 ;  45 : 365

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 62 New York City Department of Health, Bureau of Tuberculosis Control   Information summary, 1995 : New York City Department of Health (1995). 

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 101 Torres R., Mani S., Altholz J. , et al. Human immunodeficiency virus infection among homeless men in a New York City shelter—association with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection Arch Intern Med 1990 ;  150 : 2030

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références</sup> Arguably, however, the most important factor responsible for the increased rates of TB is the epidemic of HIV infection.