Thymic malignancies are rare tumors of the chest that express a broad range of biological behaviors. Surgery remains the mainstay of therapy, and complete surgical resection is the primary predictor of long-term survival. Although there is a paucity of clinical trials assessing the role of induction/adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy in the treatment of thymic malignancies, existing data suggest that induction therapy should be offered for the treatment of advanced-stage disease, and postoperative radiation for specific stages.