Apixaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a subgroup analysis of the ARISTOTLE trial - 17/05/12

Doi : 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70092-3

J Donald Easton, DrMD ^a,^⁎ , Renato D Lopes, MD ^b,^c, M Cecilia Bahit, MD ^d, Daniel M Wojdyla, MS ^c, Christopher B Granger, MD ^b,^c, Lars Wallentin, MD ^e, Marco Alings, MD ^f, Shinya Goto, MD ^g, Basil S Lewis, MD ^h, Mårten Rosenqvist, MD ⁱ, Michael Hanna, MD ^j, Puneet Mohan, MD ^j, John H Alexander, MD ^b,^c, Hans-Christoph Diener, MD ^k
for the ARISTOTLE Committees Investigators^{^‡}
Members listed in Supplementary Material
^a Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
^b Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
^c Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
^d Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva (INECO) and Estudios Clínicos Latinoamérica (ECLA), Rosario, Argentina
^e Uppsala Clinical Research Center and Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
^f Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, Netherlands
^g Department of Cardiology, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
^h Department of Cardiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
ⁱ Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
^j Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
^k Department of Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

^*Correspondence to: Dr J Donald Easton, Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0114, USA

Summary

Background

In the ARISTOTLE trial, the rate of stroke or systemic embolism was reduced by apixaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Patients with AF and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) have a high risk of stroke. We therefore aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin in prespecified subgroups of patients with and without previous stroke or TIA.

Methods

Between Dec 19, 2006, and April 2, 2010, patients were enrolled in the ARISTOTLE trial at 1034 clinical sites in 39 countries. 18201 patients with AF or atrial flutter were randomly assigned to receive apixaban 5 mg twice daily or warfarin (target international normalised ratio 2·0–3·0). The median duration of follow-up was 1·8 years (IQR 1·4–2·3). The primary efficacy outcome was stroke or systemic embolism, analysed by intention to treat. The primary safety outcome was major bleeding in the on-treatment population. All participants, investigators, and sponsors were masked to treatment assignments. In this subgroup analysis, we estimated event rates and used Cox models to compare outcomes in patients with and without previous stroke or TIA. The ARISTOTLE trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NTC00412984.

Findings

Of the trial population, 3436 (19%) had a previous stroke or TIA. In the subgroup of patients with previous stroke or TIA, the rate of stroke or systemic embolism was 2·46 per 100 patient-years of follow-up in the apixaban group and 3·24 in the warfarin group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·76, 95% CI 0·56 to 1·03); in the subgroup of patients without previous stroke or TIA, the rate of stroke or systemic embolism was 1·01 per 100 patient-years of follow-up with apixaban and 1·23 with warfarin (HR 0·82, 95% CI 0·65 to 1·03; p for interaction=0·71). The absolute reduction in the rate of stroke and systemic embolism with apixaban versus warfarin was 0·77 per 100 patient-years of follow-up (95% CI −0·08 to 1·63) in patients with and 0·22 (−0·03 to 0·47) in those without previous stroke or TIA. The difference in major bleeding with apixaban compared with warfarin was 1·07 per 100 patient-years (95% CI 0·09–2·04) in patients with and 0·93 (0·54–1·32) in those without previous stroke or TIA.

Interpretation

The effects of apixaban versus warfarin were consistent in patients with AF with and without previous stroke or TIA. Owing to the higher risk of these outcomes in patients with previous stroke or TIA, the absolute benefits of apixaban might be greater in this population.

Funding

Bristol-Myers Squibb and Pfizer.

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Vol 11 - N° 6

P. 503-511 - juin 2012 Retour au numéro

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Apixaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a subgroup analysis of the ARISTOTLE trial - 17/05/12

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