Malaria remains the most important parasitic infection in humans. There have been significant advances in the treatment of both nonsevere and severe malaria with the advent of artemisinin combination therapies and parenteral artesunate, but the optimum supportive management of severe malaria is unclear. A broadly acceptable therapy for the prevention of relapses in Plasmodium vivax infection has not been discovered. Globally, the priority remains to prevent infection in the vulnerable, to move toward elimination where feasible, and to ensure that effective treatment is available to all. In developed settings, prevention of infection and its early recognition are crucial.