Asthma management requires adequate adherence to many recommendations, including therapy, monitoring of asthma control, avoidance of environmental triggers, and attending follow-up appointments. Poor adherence is common in patients with asthma and is often associated with increased health care use, morbidity, and mortality. Many determinants of poor adherence have been identified and should be addressed, but there is no clear profile of the nonadherent patient. Interventions to improve adherence therefore demand tailoring to the individual by including patient-specific education, addressing patient fears and misconceptions, monitoring adherence, and developing a shared decision process.