Peroneal or fibular neuropathy is the most frequent mononeuropathy encountered in the lower limb. In this article, the causes, clinical features, electrodiagnostic assessment, and the treatment of peroneal neuropathies are described. Numerous causes have been reported to result in peroneal neuropathies, with mechanisms including compression, stretch, surgery, or trauma. Electrodiagnostics have been used to distinguish peroneal neuropathy from other disorders presenting with ankle dorsiflexor weakness. In addition, their use may aid in identifying the potential for recovery of functional movement.