Head and neck cancer is a unique cause of dysphagia. Altered swallow function can be secondary to the mechanical effects of a tumor invading normal anatomy needed for deglutition, or as a direct sequela of cancer treatment (surgery and/or radiation ± chemotherapy). This article outlines the incidence of head and neck cancer, effects of anatomic changes associated with common surgical intervention, and the consequences of treatment-induced dysphagia. Assessment and rehabilitation techniques applicable for this population are discussed.