To determine if routine follow-up diuresis renography is indicated in all adult patients after pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO).

A multicenter retrospective analysis was conducted in adults who underwent pyeloplasty for symptomatic UPJO between January 2002 and August 2012. Patients with unilateral UPJO demonstrated on diuresis renography, treated with pyeloplasty, and aged >18 years at time of surgery were included in the study. Patients with contralateral renal abnormalities, genitourinary anomalies, and those who declined renography during follow-up were excluded. All eligible patients underwent diuresis renography approximately 3 months postoperatively. Minimal follow-up was 12 months. Patients were divided into 2 groups: patients with persistent pain at 3 months after pyeloplasty and patients who became asymptomatic. Treatment failures in each cohort were identified. Comparisons were performed using the Fisher exact test.

A total of 100 pyeloplasties were performed. Of them, 90 were eligible for the study. Mean age was 40 years. Mean follow-up was 21 months. Seventy-three patients (81.1%) became pain free after pyeloplasty. One patient (1.4%) had worsening of differential renal function despite unobstructed drainage on diuresis renogram. None of the patients in the asymptomatic cohort was identified to have unequivocal drainage obstruction on postoperative renogram. Seventeen patients (18.9%) remained symptomatic with pain at 3 months after pyeloplasty; 3 (17.6%) of those patients with loin pain after pyeloplasty were confirmed to have persistent obstructed drainage postoperatively on diuresis renogram (P <.001). All 3 patients required insertion of ureteric stents and/or revision surgery (P <.007).

In our series, adult patients who became pain free after unilateral pyeloplasty for UPJO did not have persistent obstruction of renal drainage on renography. Routine diuresis renogram to assess drainage and differential renal function in patients who become pain free after pyeloplasty for UPJO may not be necessary. If objective evidence of postoperative outcome is required, then a single renogram at 3 months is recommended.