Prolactinomas are the most common type of pituitary adenoma, however suppression of negative dopamine feedback, as well as CNS lipogenesis and dopaminergic tone, are mechanisms responsible for weight gain and metabolic abnormalities.

To determine the prevalence of metabolic disorders and assess cardiovascular risk in patients with hyperprolactinemia secondary to pituitary adenoma.

Retrospective study spread over 3 years. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome retained according to IDF 2023 criteria. The level of cardiovascular risk estimated by the Framingham score and score 2 for diabetics. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26 software. Our patients were classified into group A: patients with positive metabolic syndrome and group B with negative metabolic syndrome.

In all, 80 patients were included. Mean age was 38.17±14.61 years and sex ratio was 2.06. Mean BMI was 25.34±9.94kg/m². Mean waist circumference was 75.98±10.7kg/cm². Prevalences of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia and hypoHDLemia were 34, 18, 11, 61, 79% respectively.

In group A: mean prolactin level was 765.6ng/mL, mean cardiovascular risk was 15.8±4.25%. Group B: mean prolactin level 325.8ng/mL, mean cardiovascular risk 7.23±3.8%.

Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between mean prolactin (P <0.001), metabolic disorders (P=0.029) and cardiovascular risk (P=0.019).

The metabolic syndrome and its parameters are responsible for an increase in cardiovascular risk, hence the interest of treatment with dopaminergic agonists to improve its parameters, as illustrated in our study.