Interconnected cortico-striato-pallido-thalamic (CSPT) circuitry long has been implicated in the regulation of movement, thought, and affect; abnormalities within this circuitry have been proposed to contribute to the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. The motor loops of CSPT circuitry are known to be the locus of pathology in primary movement disorders, such as Huntington's disease,<sup>79 Reiner A., Albin R.L., Anderson K.D. , e al. Differential loss of striatal projection neurons in Huntington disease Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988 ;  85 : 5733-5737  [cross-ref]

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> Parkinson's disease,<sup>38 Javoy-Agid F., Ruberg M., Taquet H. , e al. Biochemical neuropathology of Parkinson’s disease Adv Neurol 1984 ;  40 : 189-198

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> and hemiballism,<sup>57 Marsden C.D. Motor disorders in basal ganglia disease Hum Neurobiol 1984 ;  2 : 245-255

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> and the limbic CSPT loops have been proposed as the source of pathology in schizophrenia,<sup>103 Swerdlow N.R., Koob G.F. Dopamine, schizophrenia, mania and depression: Toward a unified hypothesis of cortico-striato-pallido-thalamic function Behav Brain Sci 1987 ;  10 : 197-245  [cross-ref]

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> depression,<sup>103 Swerdlow N.R., Koob G.F. Dopamine, schizophrenia, mania and depression: Toward a unified hypothesis of cortico-striato-pallido-thalamic function Behav Brain Sci 1987 ;  10 : 197-245  [cross-ref]

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> Tourette Syndrome (TS),<sup>95 Singer H.S. Neurobiology of Tourette syndrome Neurol Clin North Am 1997 ;  15 : 357-379  [cross-ref]

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD),<sup>7 Baxter L.R., Schwartz J.M., Bergman , e al. Caudate glucose metabolic rate changes with both drug and behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992 ;  49 : 681-689

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 89 Schwartz J.M., Stoessel P.W., Baxter L.R.J. , e al. Systematic changes in cerebral glucose metabolic rate after successful behavior modification treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996 ;  53 : 109-113

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),<sup>13 Castellanos F.X. Toward a pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Clin Pediatr 1997 ;  36 : 381-393  [cross-ref]

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> substance abuse disorders,<sup>60 Modell J.G., Mountz J.M., Beresford T.P. Basal ganglia/limbic striatal and thalamocortical involvement in craving and loss of control in alcoholism J Neuropsychiatr Clin Neurosci 1990 ;  2 : 123-144

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> temporal lobe epilepsy,<sup>111 Van Paesschen W., Revesv T., Duncan J.S. , e al. Quantitative neuropathology and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the hippocampus in temporal lobe epilepsy Ann Neurol 1997 ;  42 : 756-766  [cross-ref]

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> and many other seemingly disparate forms of psychopathology. Overlapping anatomic models for these disorders have been accompanied by blurred boundaries at a clinical level, with commonalities identified in symptoms and treatment responsivity among many of these disorders. OCD and TS are perhaps the two most closely connected among the disorders associated with CSPT pathology. OCD and TS are linked by overlapping symptoms, frequent comorbidity, and cosegregation in families. Clinically, there are important similarities and differences between these two disorders (Table 1)