Much of the emergency imaging that is performed on infants and children parallels that performed on adults. A variety of conditions that are more common or unique in children must be considered, and in some cases the imaging diagnosis of such conditions requires a different approach. Immature development of the skeleton in children results in different types of injuries, and the incidence of certain types of illness, such as the various causes of abdominal pain and vomiting in children, can differ dramatically from those causing similar symptoms in adults. One must also consider the special challenges of imaging a young child in the emergency setting. This article presents current approaches to some of the common acute care dilemmas in the abdomen, chest, and skeleton of infants and children.