“Those diseases which medicines do not cure, iron [scalpel] cures; those which iron cannot cure, fire [thermal devices] cures; and those which fire cannot cure, are to be reckoned wholly incurable.”

In the nearly 2 decades since Johnson's<sup>37 Detrisac D.A., Johnson L.L. Arthroscopic shoulder capsulorrhaphy using metal staples Orthop Clin North Am 1993 ;  24 : 71-88

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 77 Johnson L: Arthroscopic management for shoulder instability: Stapling. Presented at the Arthroscopic Association of North America Specialty Day. Atlanta, February 1988

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> pioneering efforts to arthroscopically correct shoulder instability, arthroscopic stabilization has received considerable attention. But despite the potential advantages of cosmesis, preservation of motion, and improved function, outcomes following arthroscopic stabilization have lagged behind expectations, with recurrence rates consistently higher than the 2% to 5% failure rate reported following open repairs.<sup>53 Geiger D.F., Hurley J.A., Torey J.A. , e al. Results of arthroscopic versus open Bankart suture repair Clin Orthop Rel Res 1997 ;  337 : 111-117  [cross-ref]

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 56 Gill T.J., Micheli L.J., Gebhard F. , e al. Bankart repair for anterior instability of the shoulder: Long-term outcome J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997 ;  6 : 850-857

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 103 Montgomery W.H., Jobe F.W. Functional outcomes in athletes after modified anterior capsulolabral reconstruction Am J Sports Med 1994 ;  22 : 352-358  [cross-ref]

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 134 Rowe C.R., Patel D., Southmayd W.W. The Bankart procedure: A long-term end-result study J Bone Joint Surg Am 1978 ;  60 : 1-16

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 172 Weber SA: A prospective evaluation comparing open and arthroscopic treatment of recurrent anterior glenohumeral dislocation. Presented at the 16th Annual Meeting of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine. New Orleans, February 1990

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> Other complications, including nerve injury, articular damage, stiffness, loose and migrating hardware, and foreign body reactions, are much less common and do not usually result in permanent disability. Complications are frequently technique-specific and can be prevented by familiarity with the common pitfalls inherent in each arthroscopic repair procedure. Complications can be further minimized through familiarity with normal, variational, and pathologic shoulder anatomy. This article reviews the documented complications of arthroscopic shoulder stabilization and emphasizes their causes and the strategies by which they may be minimized or avoided. Because most clinical experience and literature reviews involve the treatment of patients with anterior and anterior-inferior shoulder instability, the focus of this discussion is on errors and complications of these instability patterns.