Facial nerve: From anatomy to pathology - 23/10/13

Doi : 10.1016/j.diii.2013.06.016

F. Toulgoat ^a,^⁎ , J.L. Sarrazin ^b,^c, F. Benoudiba ^c, Y. Pereon ^d, E. Auffray-Calvier ^a, B. Daumas-Duport ^a, A. Lintia-Gaultier ^a, H.A. Desal ^a
^a Neuroradiologie diagnostique et interventionnelle, Hôpital Laennec, CHU de Nantes, boulevard Jacques-Monod – Saint-Herblain, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France
^b Service d’Imagerie Médicale, Hôpital américain de Paris, 63, boulevard Victor-Hugo, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
^c Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
^d Laboratoire d’Explorations fonctionnelles, Hôtel Dieu, CHU de Nantes, boulevard Jacques-Monod – Saint-Herblain, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France

^⁎Corresponding author.

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Abstract

The facial nerve (CN VII) emerges from the facial nerve nucleus in the pons. It is accompanied by CN VIII along its cisternal pathway, as well as at the internal auditory meatus. Its petrous pathway includes a labyrinthine segment, a horizontal tympanic segment and a vertical mastoid segment until the stylomastoid foramen. It then continues to the parotid gland. Pontine impairment is usually associated with other neurological symptoms. Lesions of the cerebellopontine angle (most often meningioma and schwannoma) initially result in impairment of CN VIII. The impairment of CN VII takes second place. Peripheral impairment (outside of a traumatic context) is most often due to Bell's palsy.

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Keywords : Cranial nerves, Pathology, Facial nerve (CN VII)