To review our single institution experience, exploring the role of testis-sparing surgical resection in a cohort of children with Testicular Leydig cell tumors (LCTs).

We reviewed all consecutive children presenting with testicular tumors between 2003 and 2017 (n = 66), excluding patients with alternative pathologies (n = 57). Subsequently data were collected on age at surgery, laterality, type of surgery, operative time, presenting symptoms, serum markers, imaging findings, frozen section, final pathology, and follow-up.

During the study period, a total of 9 (9/66; 14%) children were treated for LCT of the testis. Age at surgery was 8.4 ± 1.7 years and the majority (7/9; 77%) had unilateral disease. Most presented with a testicular mass, and 3 (33%) complained of testicular pain. None of the patients had elevated tumor markers. The primary method of management was ultrasound-guided testis-sparing surgery, with an operative time of 98.5 ± 58.7 minutes. Mean tumor size was 15 ± 10.8 mm (range 5-40 mm). In 2 of 6 patients with positive margins radical orchidectomy was performed without residual disease encountered. At a mean follow-up of 31.8 ± 26.3 months (range 2-87) none of the patients demonstrated disease recurrence.

Our data suggest that LCT in children is associated with a good prognosis, and that TSS is a reasonable surgical approach without detrimental perioperative morbidity or negative long-term outcomes. Moreover, positive margins should not prompt a reflex decision for completion of orchidectomy.