Syncope is a common presenting symptom in the pediatric emergency department (PED). The etiology of pediatric syncope is generally benign. However, differentiating cardiac and other serious causes from benign causes of syncope are crucial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change of physicians' behavior after introduction of an institutional protocol designed to act as a guide in the assessment and management of syncope patients in the PED.

This was a retrospective study, conducted at the PED of our University Children's Hospital. A “pediatric syncope approach protocol” was introduced on March 1, 2019 for quality improvement purposes. Documented information in the medical records, laboratory investigations and the patients' final diagnoses during the six-month periods before and after the protocol introduction were compared.

268 patients were included in the study (131 pre-protocol, 137 post-protocol patients). When compared with the pre-protocol group, there was a significant improvement in the documentation of syncope characteristics (prodromal findings, predisposing factors, association with exercise), cardiac, neurological and electrocardiographic (ECG) warning signs and ordering of cardiac markers in the post-protocol group.

The introduction of the syncope approach protocol in PED has enabled an evidence-based and systematic evaluation and management of syncope patients, and reduced the rates of low-yield investigations. Sustained implementation of this protocol can have long-term benefits in the care of children with syncope at the emergency department.