There is still no consensus on a safe and efficient treatment modality for cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), which is known to cause severe complications, such as life-threatening hemorrhage. Suction curettage (SC) has been used as the first-line treatment for CSP with controversial outcomes. In this context, the objective of this study is to analyze the efficacy of SC in the treatment of CSP.

The sample of this retrospective study consisted of 64 CSP patients treated using SC between 2012 and 2022. Patients’ demographic and clinical variables, including the thickness of the myometrium at the lower uterine segment between the urinary bladder and cesarean scar, were obtained from their medical records. The study's primary outcome was determined as the success rate of SC. Accordingly, the patients were categorized into two groups: successful SC (Group 1) and unsuccessful SC (Group 2).

: The success rate of SC was determined as 78.1%. The number of previous cesarean deliveries, gestational age, baseline beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) values, and endometrial thickness was significantly higher in Group 2 (p<0.05 for all), whereas the fetal cardiac activity and absence of an embryonic pole were significantly higher in Group 2 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). There was no significant difference between the groups in the thickness of the myometrium at the lower uterine segment (p = 0.890). The hemoglobin levels decreased significantly after SC in both Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.001 and p = 0.009, respectively). There was no significant difference between the groups in preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin values and the decrease in hemoglobin levels (p>0.05).

The study findings did not indicate any significant correlation between myometrial thickness at the lower uterine segment and the efficacy of SC in CSP patients. On the other hand, the number of cesarean deliveries, gestational age, baseline β-hCG values, endometrium thickness, fetal cardiac activity, and embryonic pole may be used to predict the outcome of SC in the treatment of CSP.