We aimed to collect recent findings for a deeper understanding of the association between human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and endometriosis development.

Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase were searched based on inclusion criteria from 2000 to the end of 2020. No filter was exerted to limit the language of publications and geographical restriction. Odds ratios (OR) using the random-effects model and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each included study.

Fourteen studies were included in our analyses. The pooled OR and 95% CI for PCB was 1.96 (1.31 to 2.93). Despite being statistically significant, there was evidence of moderate heterogeneity (I² = 63%, P = 0.001,   = 0.32). Findings from our subgroup analyses showed a significant association between PCB exposure and endometriosis among European population (OR = 3.66, 95% CI: 2.08–6.44). Also a positive association was detected between PCB exposure and an increased odds of endometriosis in studies with laparoscopy (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.16–4.63) or surgery confirm of controls (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.02–1.89). Moreover, according to matched-pairs design, a significant association between PCB exposure and endometriosis development was detected (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.04–2.18), also heterogeneity decreased in studies with matched-pairs design (I² = 30.4%).

Findings of this study confirm an association between endometriosis and exposure to PCB. However, more primary studies using proper methodology are needed to confirm this association.