To explore private vs public pediatric circumcision insurance coverage and surgeon reimbursement.

A telephone survey about circumcision coverage (Current Procedural Terminology codes: 54150, 54161) was conducted in October 2021 with insurance plan representatives from the 12 plans that comprised ≥1% of institutional pediatric urology visits to compare plan characteristics and coverage details.

Circumcision billing data were collected at one pediatric hospital to assess surgeon reimbursement (insurance+patient payment) by plan type using bivariate statistics.

Ten plans (5 private and 5 public) responded (83.3% response rate). All except one public plan covered newborn circumcision. For non-newborn circumcisions, most public plans (80%) had unrestricted coverage, whereas all private plans required medical necessity. Median reimbursement for newborn circumcision (CPT: 54150) was $484 for private and $78 for public plans, P < .001 while median reimbursement for non-newborn circumcision (CPT: 54161) was $314 for private and $147 for public plans, P < .001.

Private insurance plans reimburse significantly more than public plans for newborn circumcision. For non-newborn circumcision, private plans reimburse more than public but the coverage is more restricted, with a smaller differential between newborn and non-newborn circumcision. This coverage and reimbursement structure may indirectly encourage newborn circumcision for privately insured boys and non-newborn circumcision for publicly insured boys.