^a Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory, UKHSA, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK 

^b Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Abderdeen, UK 

^c High Containment & Biological Services, UKHSA, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK 

^d Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK 

^e Genomic Public Health Analysis, UKHSA, Colindale, UK 

^f Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK 

^g Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK 

^h The Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Hospitals Trust, Newcastle, UK 

ⁱ Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK 

^j NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK 

^k Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK 

^l Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK 

^m Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK 

ⁿ Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK 

^o Respiratory Department, Liverpool Institute for Child Health and Wellbeing, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, UK 

^p Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK 

^q Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK 

^r Department of Infectious Diseases, University College London NHS Hospitals Trust, London, UK 

^s Department of Clinical Virology, University College London NHS Hospitals Trust, London, UK