To comparatively investigate biological tissues that are clinical products currently used for implantation in urological reconstruction. Specifically, we examined biological materials in vivo and evidence regarding the tissue response observed. Biological tissues are widely used in urological surgeries to treat conditions such as pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence.

Histologic data from 4 biological sling materials, that is, small intestinal submucosa (SIS), cadaveric fascia lata, cadaveric dermis, and porcine dermis, implanted within mice (n = 64) were evaluated at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Recovered tissue was assessed by several biocompatibility parameters such as capsule formation (collagen deposition), cellular number, cell morphology, and angiogenesis.

Data provide a scientific depiction of the cellular response to these biomaterials through a 12-week evaluation. SIS had a significantly higher level of angiogenesis and cell infiltrate as compared with all other material tested. Collectively, the data suggest that SIS has improved biocompatibility over other tested materials.

This study compared SIS with other biological tissues in an animal model and was found to have superior biocompatibility as seen in humans. This may be helpful for clinicians while selecting a particular biological material. The study provides evidence of the varying stages of remodeling each implant, with hopes to better understand the material response in vivo.