To validate post-transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) prostate biopsy (bx) urine samples for PCA3 messenger ribonucleic acid testing, including correlation of PCA3 score with concurrent bx findings.

From July 2008 to July 2010, 2015 patients had urine collected immediately after a TRUS-guided prostate bx. Excluded were men with history of prostate carcinoma (CaP), <6 or ≥24 bx cores, and/or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level ≥50 ng/mL, resulting in 1909 included men. PCA3 and PSA messenger ribonucleic acid were quantitated using transcription-mediated amplification. A PCA3 score of ≥35 was considered positive.

Mean and median ages were 66 years. Mean and median PSA levels were 6.7 and 5.1 ng/mL, respectively. Bxs were benign in 970 (50.8%), CaP in 726 (38%), high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) in 124 (6.5%), and atypical in 89 (4.7%). PCA3 test was informative in 1887 (98.8%) patients. Means ± standard deviations (median) of PCA3 scores for benign, HGPIN, atypical, and CaP were 22.3 ± 27.9 (12.8), 37.6 ± 43.2 (24.1), 35.7 ± 36.2 (25.7), and 46.9 ± 48.1 (31.6; P <.05 benign vs CaP, benign vs HGPIN and atypical, HGPIN and atypical vs CaP). Sensitivity and specificity of PCA3 for CaP were 46.3% and 78.7%, respectively. CaP risk increased with progressively higher PCA3 score ranges from 14.8% for PCA3 <5 to 66.7% for PCA3 >100. Area under the curve (AUC) for the PCA3 receiver operating characteristics was not significantly different in men without prior bx (AUC = 0.716) compared with men with at least 1 prior nonpositive bx (AUC = 0.702).

Post-TRUS bx urine is a valid sample for PCA3 testing. Patients with a negative bx and a positive PCA3 test may have a higher likelihood of unsampled CaP.