Amputation of a limb is always perceived as a catastrophe. The principles underlying creation of a stump adapted to modern prosthetic fittings must be fully understood and the patient managed by a multidisciplinary team. In paediatric patients, preserving residual limb length is a crucial point that should be assessed according to the expected growth potential. Advances in prosthetic fittings have led to changes in the overall concept of socket design, which seeks to achieve three objectives: to maximise the weight-bearing surface area, to eliminate friction of the skin on the socket, and to eliminate lever-arm effects. The introduction on the market of new materials has contributed substantially to advances in prosthetic fittings. These advances require the use of new criteria for stump quality and optimisation, which exert a considerable influence on prosthesis function. Prosthetic fitting and specific management of psychological and social problems are provided during an inpatient stay in a physical medicine department, by a team of physicians, other healthcare professionals, social workers, and educators. Three-dimensional imaging and gait analysis provide valuable information.