Recent developments in endovascular radiological techniques and devices make embolization as a major therapeutic option in many renal vascular or neoplastic diseases, before surgery. These techniques show a very good efficacy with a low morbidity and a better renal tolerance. Indications of embolization in nephrology are post-biopsy arteriovenous fistulas, renal graft intolerance, functional exclusion and polycystic kidney disease before transplantation. Others are at the interface between nephrology and urology as angiomyolipomas (mostly in tuberous sclerosis context), arterial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations.