To show how to perform a robot-assisted partial nephrectomy and bilateral pyelolithotomy in ectopic pelvic kidneys. This is a congenital abnormality of position and rotation<sup>1Bauer S.B. Anomalies of the upper urinary tract Campbell Walsh Urology Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier (2007).  3278-3281

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> frequently associated with urolithiasis.<sup>2Gupta M., Lee M.W. Treatment of stones associated with complex or anomalous renal anatomy Urol Clin North Am 2007 ;  34 : 431-441 [inter-ref]

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> Renal cell carcinoma is a very rare event in pelvic kidneys.<sup>3Terrone C., Destefanis P., Fiori C., Savio D., Fontana D. Renal cell cancer in presacral ectopic kidney: preoperative diagnostic imaging compared to surgical findings Urol Int 2004 ;  72 : 174-175 [cross-ref]

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 4Fischer M.A., Carlsson A.M., Drachenberg D.E., Gupta R., Norman R.W. Renal cell carcinoma in a pelvic kidney BJU Int 1999 ;  83 : 514

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> These 2 findings in the same patient could be a surgical challenge and whenever possible a “one stage” treatment is preferred.

A 44-year-old male with bilateral pelvic kidneys admitted because of left back pain. Abdominal CT scan showed a 17 mm stone in the left renal pelvis, a 12 mm stones in the right pelvis and a 34 × 27 mm right lower pole renal mass. A robotic surgery was indicated. Patient was placed in Trendelenburg position with ports configuration as for transperitoneal radical prostatectomy. The right kidney was firstly approached: after isolation of the ureter and suspension of the renal artery, a clampless partial nephrectomy was performed; then through a longitudinal pyelotomy the stone was extracted. To minimize the opening of the posterior peritoneum covering the left kidney, the site of the stone was identified by intraoperative ultrasound; then, through a longitudinal pyelotomy the stone was extracted. Given the watertight sutures and the lack of ureteral obstructions no pigtails ureteral catheters were inserted. A Jackson-Pratt drainage was placed through the inferior port.

Consolle time was 190 minutes. Estimated Blood Loss (EBL) was 50 ml. No complications were reported. The drain was removed on the second postoperative day, assessed that creatinine dosage was equal to serum. The length of stay was 4 days. Histopathology showed a pT1a G2 clear cell renal cell carcinoma with negative surgical margins, while stones analysis was calcium oxalate.

With the availability of robotic technology, the indications for minimally invasive surgery may be safely expanded to include concomitant morbidities in uncommon presentations.