Poor glymphatic function is associated with mild cognitive impairment and its progression to Alzheimer's disease: A DTI-ALPS study - 24/07/25

Doi : 10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100156 
Cuiping Bao a, Hongbin Luo b, Jiao Wang c, d, Xuehuan Liu a, Yiming Li a, Jun Yang a, Chong Chen e, Rongrong Yang f, Weili Ba a, Xinying Lian g, Michelle Dunk d, Jun Liu g, h, i, , Weili Xu d
a Department of Radiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China 
b Tianjin Jinnan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 28 Highway Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China 
c Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 
d Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Skockholm, Sweden 
e Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Union Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China. 
f Public Health Science and Engineering College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China. 
g Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Zhongshan Rord 1st Tianjin 300140, China 
h Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin University, Zhongshan Rord 1st, Tianjin 300140, China 
i The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300121, China 

Corresponding author at: Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin University, Zhongshan Rord 1st, Tianjin 300140, China. The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300121, China.Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin University, Zhongshan Rord 1st, Tianjin 300140, China. The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai UniversityTianjin300121China

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Highlights

Low ALPS index was significantly associated with high risk of MCI, and the risk of MCI decreased linearly with a higher ALPS index
High ALPS index was dose-dependently associated with a decreased progression from MCI to AD
High ALPS index may delay the MCI onset approximately 3.8 years among CN participants and delay MCI progression to AD by approximately 3.5 years in MCI group
Aβ in choroid plexus, tau in part of the cortex and executive function were partially mediate ALPS-AD association

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Abstract

Background

We aimed to explore the association between ALPS index and both risks of MCI from cognitively normal (CN) and incident AD progressed from MCI, as well as potential mediating factors.

Methods

This study included 519 adults including 253 (48.75 %) CN and 266 (51.25 %) MCI participants from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Glymphatic function (assessed by along the perivascular space [ALPS] index) was measured by diffusion tensor image at baseline. Neurobiomarkers (Aβ and tau from CSF, plasma and PET) and cognitive functions were served as mediators. Data were analyzed using Cox and Laplace regression and mediation analysis.

Results

During follow-up (median 3.6 years, interquartile range [IQR]: 2.0–4.9 years), 30 (11.86 %) participants developed MCI in the CN cohort and 73 (27.4 %) participants progressed to AD in the MCI cohort. The hazard ratios (95 % confidence intervals [CIs]) of the higher ALPS index was 0.605 (0.386–0.948) for MCI and 0.501 (0.356–0.706) for AD. In addition, participants with high ALPS index had 3.837 and 3.466 years prolonged onset of MCI and AD, separately. Aβ in choroid plexus (17.1 %), tau in cortex [Inferiortemporal (21.1 %), Middletemporal (AV1451:17.0 %, FTP:15.5 %), Superiortemporal(7.7 %), Meta_temporal (AV1451:17.5 %, FTP:16.6 %)], and executive function (14.1 %) mediated the association between ALPS and MCI-AD progression.

Conclusion

High ALPS index decreases MCI risk and delays MCI progression to AD by approximately 3.5 years. Aβ in choroid plexus, tau in cortex, and executive function may partially mediate the MCI-AD progression in relation to ALPS index.

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Keywords : Glymphatic function, Along the perivascular spaces, Alzheimer's disease


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Vol 12 - N° 7

Articolo 100156- agosto 2025 Ritorno al numero
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