Since the conception of the artificial neuron in 1943, neural networks have developed into multi-layer models enabling image recognition, speech recognition, personalized recommendation for web browsing, social media content, and virtual assistants. Harnessing this power, researchers have developed models that can potentially improve both access to care and efficiencies in health care delivery. The goal of this study is to provide a fundamental understanding of neural networks to hand surgeons with current examples in various medical subspecialties.