La maladie de Castleman (MC) est un syndrome lymphoprolifératif rare, bénin, d’étiopathogénie encore mal connue et touchant essentiellement de jeunes adultes. Deux formes existent : monocentrique, correspondant à la forme hyaline vasculaire, et multicentrique, correspondant à la forme plasmocytaire. Nous rapportons 2 cas de localisations cervicales monocentriques chez l’enfant dont le traitement chirurgical a été efficace. Les formes multicentriques, plus graves, relèvent d’un traitement médical. Après une revue de la littérature, les présentations cliniques, radiologiques, anatomopathologiques et thérapeutiques de cette maladie chez l’enfant sont discutées.

Castleman disease (CD) is a benign lymphoproliferative disorder, rare in children. Head and neck localizations are found only in 14 % of the cases. Two forms have been described: a hyaline vascular type and a plasma cell type. It can also be monocentric or multicentric. Both young patients were affected with an isolated neck localization of Castleman disease. Preoperative diagnosis can be difficult with a thymoma or a lymphoma. CT and MRI can help in the diagnosis, which is confirmed by histopathological assessment. The pathological features and the therapeutic management of CD are discussed. While surgery is the treatment for localized lesions, steroids and chemotherapy are indicated in the multicentric type. Because of the risk of relapse and malignant transformation, long-term follow-up is mandatory.