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Changes in body composition during weight loss in obese subjects in the NUGENOB study: Comparison of bioelectrical impedance vs. dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - 11/06/11

Doi : 10.1016/j.diabet.2010.10.007 
C. Verdich a, P. Barbe b, 1, M. Petersen c, K. Grau a, L. Ward d, I. Macdonald e, T.I.A. Sørensen a, J.-M. Oppert f,
a Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Centre for Health and Society, Copenhagen, Denmark 
b Obesity Research Unit (INSERM U586), Louis Bugnard Institute and Clinical Investigation Center, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France 
c Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 
d School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 
e School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK 
f University Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris 6, Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Human Nutrition Research Center Ile-de-France (CRNH-IdF), 47–83, boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France 

Corresponding author. Tel.: +33 1 42 17 79 48; fax: +33 1 42 17 79 63.

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Abstract

Aim

We studied the accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to assess changes in body composition during moderate weight loss in obese subjects.

Methods

Estimates of changes in fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) by BIA were compared with those by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the reference method during a 10-week standardized weight-loss intervention. In obese women (age: 20–50years, mean BMI: 33.8kg/m2) participating in a European multicentre trial (nutrient–gene interactions in human obesity [NUGENOB]), body composition was assessed by BIA (Bodystat QuadScan 4000) and DXA (Lunar DPX-IQ at two centres, Hologic QDR 2000 at another centre) at baseline (n=131) and at week 10 (n=105) after a mean weight loss of −5.7kg.

Results

At baseline, BIA significantly overestimated FFM and underestimated FM (by 1–3kg on average) compared with DXA, and the limits of agreement were wide (mean±7–8.5kg). For body-composition changes, although biases were generally non-significant, the limits of agreement were also wide (mean±3.7–4.6kg). An FFM prediction equation for BIA data was developed in subjects scanned with Lunar instruments and cross-validated in an independent sample of 31 obese women undergoing similar weight loss. However, no major improvement in limits of agreement was found.

Conclusion

During moderate diet-induced weight loss, the use of BIA leads to estimates of changes in body composition at the individual level that can differ substantially from those assessed by DXA, indicating that BIA and DXA cannot be used interchangeably. However, BIA in this context may be used for assessing changes in body composition at group level.

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Résumé

Objectif

Nous avons étudié la validité de l’impédancemétrie (IMP) pour évaluer les modifications de composition corporelle lors d’une perte de poids modérée par régime chez des patients obèses.

Méthodes

Nous avons comparé l’estimation du changement de masse grasse (MG) et de masse non grasse (MNG) par IMP avec les données de l’absorptiométrie bi-énergétique (DEXA), comme méthode de référence, lors d’une intervention standardisée (dix semaines) chez des femmes obèses (20–50 ans, IMC moyen=poids/taille2 33,8kg/m2) incluses dans un essai européen multicentrique (Nutrient-Gene Interactions in Human Obesity [NUGENOB]). Nous avons mesuré la composition corporelle par IMP (Bodystat Quadscan 4000) et par DEXA (Lunar DPX-IQ dans deux centres, Hologic QDR 2000 dans un centre) avant (n=131) et après dix semaines (n=105, perte de poids moyenne −5,7kg).

Résultats

Avant l’intervention, IMP surestimait MNG et sous-estimait MG de façon significative (1 à 3kg en moyenne) par comparaison avec DEXA et les limites d’agrément entre méthodes étaient étendues (±7 à 8,5kg en moyenne). Concernant les modifications de composition corporelle, bien que les biais entre méthodes ne soient pas significatifs, les limites d’agrément étaient également étendues (±3,7 à 4,6kg en moyenne). Une équation de prédiction de MNG pour les données IMP a été développée chez les sujets mesurés par la DEXA Lunar et validée dans un échantillon indépendant de 31 femmes obèses soumises à une perte de poids similaire. Les limites d’agrément entre méthodes n’étaient pas améliorées.

Conclusion

IMP et DEXA fournissent des estimations des modifications de composition corporelle lors d’une perte de poids modérée par régime qui diffèrent de façon importante au niveau individuel. Les deux méthodes ne peuvent pas être utilisées de façon interchangeable. IMP peut cependant être utilisée dans cette situation pour donner une estimation au niveau d’un groupe.

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Keywords : Obesity, Body composition, Weight loss, Bioelectrical impedance analysis, Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

Mots clés : Obésité, Composition corporelle, Perte de poids, Impédancemétrie bioélectrique, Absorptiométrie bi-énergétique


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