Although the ICD-10 and the DSM-IV have become truly global systems of psychiatric classifications,<sup>2 American Psychiatric Association   Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Washington, DC: APA (1994).  (DSM-IV).

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 29 World Health Organization   The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behaviour Disorders—Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines Geneva: WHO (1992). 

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> local diagnostic systems exist in some important regions of the world. One example is the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (CCMD) in China, which constitutes over one fifth of humankind. Understanding this system allows us to communicate with Chinese psychiatrists and attunes clinicians to Chinese forms of distress in an intercultural treatment context. Besides, an analysis of its discrepancies from the international systems fosters reflective self-criticism on the one hand, and is rewarded with insights on both the universality and particularity of psychopathology on the other.<sup>14 Kleinman A.   Rethinking Psychiatry: From Cultural Category to Personal Experience New York: The Free Press (1988). 

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 23 Mezzich J.E., Otero A., Lee S. International psychiatric diagnosis Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry Philadelphia: Williams & Wilkins (2000).  839-853

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 27 Stengel E. Classification of mental disorders Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1959 ;  21 : 601-663

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The first published Chinese classification of mental disorders appeared in 1979. This has undergone steady revisions in 1981, 1984, 1989, 1995 and most recently 2001.<sup>7 Chinese Medical Association and Nanjing Medical University   Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders Nanjing: Dong Nan University Press (in Chinese) (1995).  revised (CCMD-2-R).

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 8 Chinese Psychiatric Society   The Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders Shandong: Shandong Publishing House of Science and Technology (2001).  (CCMD-3).

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 16 Lee S. Cultures in psychiatric nosology: The CCMD-2-R and international classification of mental disorders Cult Med Psychiatry 1996 ;  20 : 421-472  [cross-ref]

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> The latter (3rd) edition, known as the CCMD-3, has been substantially influenced by the ICD-10 and the DSM-IV schemata, but contains locally salient features that are absent in the international systems. The CCMD-3 is published in both Chinese and English in the same volume, and has 234 pages. It is sold at RMB20 (US$2.70) per copy in China. Published in April 2001, it is widely used by clinicians throughout the country. Many Chinese psychiatrists are of the opinion that the CCMD-3 has special advantages, such as simplicity, continuity, the inclusion of culture-distinctive categories, and the exclusion of irrelevant Western diagnostic categories. Because etiologic factors can determine important treatment decisions and prognosis, the CCMD-3 approach to classification is said to be etiologic and symptomatologic. The CCMD-3 is based on field trials involving 1538 adult and 773 adolescent and child subjects with various mental disorders.<sup>8 Chinese Psychiatric Society   The Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders Shandong: Shandong Publishing House of Science and Technology (2001).  (CCMD-3).

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This article highlights issues of cross-cultural interest in the CCMD-3.