1

The requirement for global mobility and stability of this complex complicates the understanding of not only the pathokinesiology, but also the normal kinesis.<sup>12 Duchenne G.B.   The Physiology of Motion [Transl Kaplan EB] Philadelphia: JB Lippincott (1949). 

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 19 Inman V.T., Saunders JB de C.M., Abbott L.C. Observations on the function of the shoulder J Bone Joint Surg 1944 ;  26 : 1

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 47 Steindler A.   Kinesiology of the Human Body Under Normal and Pathological Conditions Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas (1955). 

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup>

2

Shoulder problems are common, and there is a tendency to identify common causes for them. Nerve lesions are relatively uncommon, so that the tendency is to invoke more common explanations, which may be incorrect.

3

The presenting signs and symptoms may arise at a site or organ system away from the shoulder (i.e., the neck, chest, or abdomen).

4

Because the area is traversed by the nerves and vessels that supply the upper limb, the symptoms of local abnormalities of the shoulder may be appreciated further distally in the arm and hand, complicating recognition.

5

Generalized conditions may impose additional difficulties in differential diagnosis.

6

Delays in correct identification of the nature of the lesion and institution of a rational treatment plan may contribute to permanent contractures or other soft tissue changes, such as capsular laxity, that may persist despite ultimate restoration of neurologic function.