Patients presenting with epistaxis are anxious and fear bleeding to death. Although death from epistaxis is rare, it can occur, and significant morbidity is relatively common.<sup>5Cassisi N.J., Biller H.F., Ogura J.H. Changes in arterial oxygen tension and pulmonary mechanics with the use of posterior packing in epistaxis: A preliminary report Laryngoscope 1971 ;  81 : 1261-1266 [cross-ref]

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 34Lucente F.E. Thanthology: A study of 100 deaths Trans Acad Ophthalmol Otol 1972 ;  76 : 334-339

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> Although most pediatric epistaxis is treated on an outpatient basis, older patients (>60 years old) more often require hospital admission.<sup>25Juselius H. Epistaxis: A clinical study of 1724 patients J Laryngol Otol 1974 ;  88 : 317-327

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 44Okafor B.C. Epistaxis: A clinical study of 540 cases Ear Nose Throat J 1984 ;  63 : 153-159

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> Initial management of epistaxis is directed at stopping the bleeding, and long-term treatment is directed at discovering and correcting the underlying cause. This article updates current management options.