Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is the principal component of bone cements used for rapid stable fixation of implants, such as metal and plastic prosthetics placed in living bone during orthopedic procedures. PMMA occasionally has been put into vertebral lesions during open surgical operations.<sup>22 Nicola N., Lins E. Vertebral hemangioma: Retrograde embolization-stabilization with methylmethacrylate Surg Neurol 1987 ;  27 : 481-486  [cross-ref]

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) with PMMA was invented by the authors in 1984.<sup>12 Galibert P., Deramond H., Rosat P., Le Gars D. Note preliminaire sur le traitement des angiomes vertebraux par vertebroplastie acrylique percutanee Neurochirurgie 1987 ;  233 : 166-168

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> Treatment of aggressive vertebral angiomas (VA) was the first indication.<sup>7 Deramond H., Darrason R., Galibert P. La vertebroplastie percutanee acrylique dans le traitement des hemangiomes vertebraux agressifs Rachis 1989 ;  1 : 143-153

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 12 Galibert P., Deramond H., Rosat P., Le Gars D. Note preliminaire sur le traitement des angiomes vertebraux par vertebroplastie acrylique percutanee Neurochirurgie 1987 ;  233 : 166-168

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> PVP with PMMA was then used for other lesions weakening the vertebral body, such as malignant tumors and osteoporotic vertebral collapse syndrome.<sup>1 Bascoulergue Y., Duquesnel J., Leclercq R. , e al. Percutaneous injection of methylmethacrylate in the vertebral body for the treatment of various diseases. Percutaneous vertebroplasty [abstract] Radiology 1988 ;  169P : 372

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 10 Deramond H., Galibert P., Debussche C. , e al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty with methylmethacrylate: Technique, method, results [abstract] Radiology 1990 ;  177P : 352

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 11 Galibert P., Deramond H. La vertebroplastie acrylique percutanee comme traitement des angiomes vertebraux et des affections dolorigenes et fragilisantes du rachis Chirurgie 1990 ;  116 : 326-335

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 15 Kaemmerlen P., Thiesse P., Bouvard H. , e al. Vertebroplastie percutanee dans le traitement des metastases J Radiol 1989 ;  70 : 557-562

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 16 Kaemmerlen P., Thiesse P., Jonas P. , e al. Percutaneous injection of orthopedic cement in metastatic vertebral lesions N Engl J Med 1989 ;  321 : 121

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 17 Lapras C., Mottolese C., Deruty R. , e al. Injection percutanee de methylmethacrylate dans le traitement de l'osteoporose et osteolyse vertebrale grave Ann Chir 1989 ;  43 : 371-376

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> The aim of this percutaneous treatment is to obtain an analgesic effect by vertebral stabilization in patients complaining of back pain related to lesions weakening the spine. This article describes the technique, indications, results, and complications of PVP with PMMA.