In 1963, before the advent of critical care medicine, a study of 900 infants at the University of Minnesota reported a 97% mortality rate with gram-negative sepsis and septic shock.<sup>34 Dupont H.L., Spink W.W. Infections due to gram negative organisms: An analysis of 860 patients with bacteremia at the University of Minnesota Medical Center, 1958–1966 Medicine 1969 ;  48 : 507

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> In 1992, the J-5 antibody and HA-1A endotoxin antibody trial for pediatric sepsis and septic shock reported an approximate 20% to 25% mortality rate for children (Centocor, personal communication, 1993).<sup>3 Anonymous Treatment of severe infectious purpura in children with human plasma from donors immunized with Escherichia coli J5: A prospective double blind study J Infect Dis 1992 ;  165 : 695

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> In 1993, a multicenter trial of corticosteroids for pediatric sepsis in three African hospitals showed an approximate 10% mortality rate for children in the experimental and the placebo control groups (American Academy of Pediatrics meeting, critical care section). In 1996, a single institution study of 100 children with sepsis-induced organ failure showed a 15% overall mortality rate.<sup>32 Doughty L.A., Kaplan S.S., Carcillo J.A.   Inflammation and outcome in pediatric sepsis induced multiple organ failure San Diego, CA: Society for Critical Care Medicine Symposium (1997). 

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> Despite these remarkable improvements in outcome, sepsis and septic shock remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates and children.<sup>53 Jacobs R.F., Sowell M.K., Moss M.M. , e al. Septic shock in children: Bacterial etiologies and temporal relationships Pediatr Infect Dis J 1990 ;  9 : 196  [cross-ref]

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 76 Naqvi J.H., Chundu K.R., Friedman A.D. Shock in children with gram negative bacillary sepsis and Haemophilus influenzae type B sepsis Pediatr Infect Dis 1986 ;  5 : 512  [cross-ref]

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 96 Proulx F., Fayon M., Farrell C.A. , e al. Epidemiology of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in children Chest 1996 ;  109 : 1033  [cross-ref]

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup>