Hyponatremia and hypernatremia are common electrolyte disorders and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.<sup>5 Arieff A.I. Hyponatremia, convulsions, respiratory arrest, and permanent brain damage after elective surgery in healthy women N Engl J Med 1986 ;  314 : 24

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 13 Baran D., Hutchinson T.A. The outcome of hyponatremia in a general hospital population Clin Nephrol 1984 ;  22 : 72

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 19 Bhatnager D., Weinkove C. Serious hypernatremia in a hospital population Postgrad Med 1988 ;  64 : 441

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 68 Mattar J.A., Weil M.H., Shubin H. , e al. Cardiac arrest in the critically ill Am J Med 1974 ;  56 : 162  [cross-ref]

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 81 Palevsky P.M., Bhagrath R., Greenberg A. Hypernatremia in hospitalized patients Ann Intern Med 1996 ;  124 : 197

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti, 111 Tierney W.M., Martin D.K., Greenlee M.C. , e al. The prognosis of hyponatremia at hospital admission J Gen Intern Med 1986 ;  1 : 380  [cross-ref]

Cliccare qui per andare alla sezione Riferimenti</sup> Under normal circumstances, the plasma sodium concentration is maintained within a narrow range despite wide variations in sodium and water intake. This is achieved through an integration of thirst, vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) secretion, and renal responsiveness to vasopressin. This article provides a pathophysiologic approach to understanding the causes and management of hyponatremia and hypernatremia.