As a fundamental component of the electrodiagnostic evaluation, nerve conduction studies provide valuable quantitative and qualitative insights into neuromuscular function. Nerve conduction studies are useful in the identification and characterization of several neuromuscular disorders, particularly disorders of peripheral nerve. Abnormalities of nerve conduction studies may anticipate specific pathologic processes, such as demyelination or axonal loss, and may provide precise localization of focal nerve lesions. As with other elements of the electrodiagnostic evaluation, nerve conduction studies must be performed with careful attention to technique and must be interpreted in a clinical context.