Compression neuropathy includes a heterogeneous group of focal neuropathy syndromes related to peripheral nerve compression. Although acute or chronic compression-related injury may occur in essentially any peripheral nerve, certain anatomic considerations may predispose certain nerves to intrinsic or extrinsic compression-related injury. The clinical presentations of specific compression or entrapment syndromes depend on factors such as chronicity, location, severity, and mechanism of involvement of a particular nerve. In this article the diagnosis and management strategies of the more common and well-established entrapment and compression-related neuropathy syndromes are addressed.