Dose-Response Relationships between Iron Deficiency with or without Anemia and Infant Social-Emotional Behavior - 07/03/14
, Katy M. Clark, MA a, Yuezhou Jing, MA a, Rinat Armony-Sivan, PhD c, Mary Lu Angelilli, MD d, Sandra W. Jacobson, PhD e
Correspondence: Betsy Lozoff, MD, Center for Human Growth and Development, 300 N Ingalls, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5406.Riassunto |
Objective |
To assess dose–response relationships between severity of iron deficiency (ID) and infant social-emotional behavior.
Study design |
The study group was a cohort of 9- to 10-month-old African-American infants (n = 77 with final iron status classification). The infants were given oral iron for 3 months. Social-emotional outcomes included mother and examiner ratings at 9 and 12 months and quantitative behavioral coding from videotape at 12 months. General linear model analyses tested for linear effects of iron status group (ordered from worst to best: iron-deficient anemia [IDA], nonanemic iron-deficient [NA ID], iron-sufficient [IS]) and determined thresholds for effects.
Results |
There were significant (P <.05) linear effects of poorer iron status for shyness (increasing, maternal rating), orientation-engagement, and soothability (decreasing, examiner ratings), and the following quantitatively coded behaviors: positive affect (decreasing) and latencies to engage with the examiner (increasing) and move away from the examiner (decreasing). The threshold for all but 1 effect was ID with or without anemia versus IS.
Conclusions |
Infant social-emotional behavior appears to be adversely affected by ID with or without anemia. ID without anemia is not detected by common screening procedures and is more widespread than IDA. Infant social-emotional behavior can profoundly influence the care-giving environment, with repercussions for overall development.
Il testo completo di questo articolo è disponibile in PDF.Abbreviations : BRS, EAS, HAZ, Hb, HOME, ID, IDA, IS, MCV, NA, NHANES, RDW, TfR, WAZ, WHZ, ZPP/H
Mappa
| Supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant P01 HD39386) and the Joseph Young Sr Fund. The authors have no conflicts of interest to report. |
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| No reprints are available from the authors. |
Vol 152 - N° 5
P. 696 - maggio 2008 Ritorno al numero
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