The reduction in mortality specifically from breast cancer, demonstrated in the major meta-analyses in the 1980s resulted in public health breast cancer screening programs being set up in many countries, including France. Recent publications have challenged the usefulness of screening, by insisting in particular on the negative effects of overdiagnosis and the lack of any significant impact on mortality. From analysis of the literature and particularly independent reviews published in 2012, we provide some answers for doctors faced with the legitimate concerns of women. These studies confirm that screening in the right age group reduces specific mortality by at least 20% at a cost of overdiagnosis estimated at between 1 and 15%.