Low back pain is one of the most frequent complaints for which patients are seen in primary care. Low back pain has a substantial economic impact, estimated at $100 billion per year including direct and indirect costs. The evaluation of low back pain involves a thorough history and physical examination. Imaging is only indicated when a more serious underlying cause or neurologic abnormality is suspected. Abnormalities detected on imaging do not strongly correlate with symptoms. Generally, a specific underlying cause for low back pain is not identified. Treatment consists of a multidisciplinary approach with goal to maintain function and minimize disability.