Despite the large volume of studies on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of peri-prosthetic infections, surgical practice often rests on limited scientific evidence in this field. The vast International Consensus Meeting on Peri-prosthetic Joint Infection (ICMPJI) held in 2013 produced robust recommendations.

French consensus conference recommendations show no major differences with ICMPJI recommendations.

The 207 recommendations developed by 300 experts at the ICMPJI were translated, and the translation was then examined by four reviewers, including 2 having participated in the consensus conference. The reviewers looked for any differences with French practices and recommendations.

Twenty-three major differences or innovations were identified compared to French recommendations and standard practice. Among them, pre-operative screening for nasal or urinary micro-organisms is performed routinely in France but should be reserved according to the ICMPJI for symptomatic patients and/or patients at high risk for infection. The ICMPJI emphasizes the role for the operating room environment as a vector for infection; more specifically, the operating lamp handle and suction cannula deserve close attention. A wound discharge persisting longer than 5–7 days requires irrigation and debridement. This procedure is effective only within the first 3 post-operative months and/or the first 3 weeks after symptom onset and must include exchange of all modular implants. The ICMPJI warns against both irrigation-debridement in fungal infections (suggesting two-stage prosthesis replacement) and one-stage replacement in patients with sinus tracts. The use of spacers (articulating at the knee) is recommended in the event of two-stage prosthesis replacement.

The ICMPJI recommendations differed in many ways with French recommendations and standard practice. They can be expected to impact practices in France, although a point worth noting is that only 1 of the 207 recommendations received unanimous agreement by the conference experts (keeping operating room traffic to a minimum).