In traumatic proximal brachial plexus lesions (i.e., C5/C6), reconstruction of the musculocutaneous, axillary and suprascapular nerves yields satisfactory short- and medium-term functional outcomes.

Early functional outcomes after nerve surgery will be maintained in the long-term.

A retrospective analysis was done using the medical records of 29 patients with C5/C6 palsy treated by nerve surgery. Active range of motion and strength at the elbow (i.e., flexion) and shoulder (i.e., flexion, abduction, external rotation with the elbow at the side of the body and with the arm 90° abducted ) were evaluated clinically using a goniometre and the British Medical Research Council grading scale, respectively.

At a mean follow-up of 46±15 months (25;76), the mean active elbow flexion was 126°±18° (90;150) and the mean strength was 3.8±0.5 (2;4). At the shoulder, mean active flexion, abduction, external rotation with the elbow at the side of the body and with the arm 90° abducted were 109°±39° (0;180), 99°±38° (0;180°), 12°±34° (−80;70) and 3°±21° (−40;50), while mean strength was 3.6±0.8 (0;4), 3.6±0.8 (0;4), 3.4±0.9 (0;4) and 2.5±1.2 (0;4), respectively.

In cases of C5/C6 palsy, early nerve surgery yields satisfactory functional outcomes that are maintained over time for elbow flexion and shoulder elevation. However, when the teres minor is not reinnervated, it is difficult to restore satisfactory shoulder external rotation.

IV, Retrospective case study.